Concrete-metal construction.



BEST AVAlLABLE cor- PATENTED FEB. 21, 1905.

-W. H. HONEY. CONCRETE METAL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.25.1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WILUESSES...

EEQT AVNLABL'E PATENTED FEB. 21, 1905.

W. H. RONEY.

CONCRETE METAL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 25. 1904.

' s SHEETS-SHEET a.

ill

' v UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIcE.

\VILLIAM H. RONEY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CONCRETE-METAL CONSTRUCTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 782,877, dated February 21, 1905.

' Application filed January 25, 1904. Serial No. 190,580.

- T0 'aZZ whom itmay concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. RONEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful improvements 1n Concrete-Metal Construction,

of which the following is a specification.

' This invention relates to a structure in which steel or other material of great tensile mit the resultant stresses from one metal momber to another in a transverse direction. and,

further, to the embedment of said metal skeleton or framework in concrete, cement mortar, or any of the other substances hereinbefore mentioned to form a complete structure capable'of resisting compressive, tensile, and shearing stresses in all directions.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view taken in longitudinal section through one side of an' arch embodying the features of my invention. showing the invention applied to a flat arch or beam. Fig. 3 is a view showing in side elevation and on a somewhat larger scale the metal structure illustrated in the preceding figures. Fig. 4 isa top plan view of a. portion of the metal fabric of my invention, showing apart of said fabric embedded in cement. This figure illustrates the simple construction. Fig. 5 is a view similar to the last preceding one, showing an arrangement ofthe parts comprising the metal structure which I have denominated the compound construction. Fig.- 6 is a face view of the shackle employed by me in joining together the steel rods or wires at their meeting places. Fig. 7 is an edge view of the shackle illustrated in the last preceding figure. Fig. 8 is a top plan view illustrating a metal structure in which a transverse strand or web is employed. Fig. 9. is a section on dotted line 9 9 of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 isa face view, and

Fig. 2 is a similar view Fig. 11 an edge view, of the shackle employed to join together the metal rods or wires of the structure illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9.

The metallic structure of this invention is made up of sections of any desired width, (see Figs. 4: and 5,) each of which sections comprises upper chord members 1 and lower chord members 2, which chord members extend longitudinally of the structure not in a right line, but from side to side of the section in a zigzag course. In the simple form of section (shown in Fig. 4) two upper chord members and two lower chord members are employed; but in the compound section (illustrated in Fig. 5) three upper chord members and three lower chord members are used. A-greater or less number of these chord members may be employed, according to the strength of'structure desired. At the side margin of each sec-- tion or between adjacent sections a longitudinally-extending vertical web member 3 is placed, which web member passes alternately from the upper to the lower chord members, meeting said members at the angles produced by their zigzag form. These angles in the upper chord members of one section are made to coincide with the similar angles of the upper chord members in the adjacent section, and so with corresponding lower chord members, and at their point of meeting the corresponding chord members of adjacentsections and the longitudinalvertical web member 3 are secured together by a shackle, which will next be described. Each of said shackles for joining the chord members of adjacent sections and the longitudinal vertical web members comprises a how 4., formed of metal, the ends of which bow are bent to form hooks 5. The hooks-5 are adapted to engage a yoke-bar 6, curved upward at its middle portion and its ends to form seats for the hooks 5. The bow L is of a size just sutficient in width to contain the two chord members 1 1 or 2 2, lying side by side, and the longitudinal vertical web member 3, lying in contact with and midway between said chord members. A curved wedge 7, in cross-section concave upon its under side and convex upon its upper side, is

| adapted to be inserted between the yoke6and l the longitudinal vertical web member 3, and

when said wedge is driven firmly into position the chord members 1 1 or 2 2 and the longitudinal vertical web member 3 are held securely within the how 4:. All the chord members of any two adjacent sections are secured to the longitudinal vertical web member 3 common. to said sections in the manner just described.

When a metallic structure of the desired form has been completed in the manner hereinbefore described and has been putinto the position in which it is to be used, concrete, cement mortar, or other similar plastic material 8 is packed about said structure, molds previously erected confining said plastic material, holding it upon the metallic structure and giving said material a suitable outward form. As soon as the plastic material sets and becomes sufiiciently hard the molds may be removed.

In forming arches the ends of the structure are usually made higher vertically than the intermediate portions, and in forming other structures theproportions of the metallic structure may be varied to properly carry the load which the structure is intended to support.

The chord members 1 and 2 and the web members 3 are illustrated in the drawings as being formed from round bars or wires. However, square or fiat bars or bars of any other crosssection may be used, although usually preference is given to round bars or to bars having an oval section or round corners, for the reason that in most cases the concrete or other material in which the metal fabric is embedded can be brought into a closer contact with the round bars, a stronger bond of adhesion thus being Y formed between the metal and the concrete.

The use of round bars also lessens the tendency to cleave the embedding material. On the other hand, square bars or bars of many other forms of cross-section have a greater surface in proportion to their cross-sectional area, and therefore present a greater proportion of surface for the adhesion of the embedding material. The use of twisted bars, either of square form or other forms of cross-section and bars with corrugations or other forms of projections and also bars whose cross-section changes at intervals, gives a shearing resistance in addition to the adhesive value of the embeddingmaterial while under stress. This shearing resistance, however, tends to split the embedding material.

The longitudinal vertical web members 3 are represented as being formed from a single rod connecting the chord members of adjacent sections at their meeting places in the margin of said sections, said web member 3 passing alternately from top chord members 1 to bottom chord members 2 throughout the length of the structure. The purpose of the longitudinal vertical web member 3 is to resist the shearing strains resulting from the action of external forces exerted through tensile stress by side in the bow 10.

BEST AVAILABLE Ci?" in certain parts of' the structure and compressive stress in certain other parts. Part of either kind of strain is resisted by the embedding material and a part by the web 3. In practical work the strength of the metal parts and the cement or other covering material is proportioned as nearly as may be to the strains they are able to bear.

The vertical web members 3 of adjacent sections need not coincide with vertical planes parallel to each other, but may diverge, being wider apart at one end than at the other or wider apart at the middle than at eitherendas, for instance, in the construction of domes,

groined arches, and like structures.

In structures designed to withstand considerable transverse strains I employ a modification ofthe metal fabric shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, which modified structure comprises one upper chord member 1*, one lower chord As will benoted, a different form of shackle I is required to bind together the chord members, the longitudinal web member, and a transverse web member.v In this shackle, Figs. 10 and 11, a how 10 is provided with hooked upper endlsll, and a saddle 12 concave upon its lower face and convex upon its upper face is provided for carrying the transverse web member 9, said saddle being adapted to receive the books 11 of said how. The longitudinal chord members (the lower chord members 2 are illustrated in Fig. 10) lie side The longitudinal vertical web member 3 lies upon and between said chord members, and a curved wedge 13, the upper side of which is fiat and the lower side concave, is inserted between thetransverse vertical web member 9 and the longitudinal vertical web member 3. As the wedge 13 is driven into place the-shackle is drawn tight and the members therein are held firmly in place. This construction is of course intended to be covered by plastic material, as hereinbefore described.

W hile I have characterized the chord members as longitudinal, it is clear that in floor construction and in other similar applications of the invention the longitudinal webs 3 might be of equal length with the transverse webs 9.

The object of the shackles hereinbefore described is to bind and secure the different members of the structure together to keep them firmly in position during the erection IIO bf the structure and while the embedding material is being properly packed in place and jvhen the structure is com pletely embedded to transmit the strains from one member to anbther and from one section'to the next adjabent section of the structure. In the arrangegement of parts herein shown' stresses apblied locally are distributed over the entire structure, so that each member contributes its part to the support of the whole.

F In buildingbridges, floors, &c., it ispraczical to construct the entire metal fabric in .ts proper position for enibedment in concrete )1 other embedding material. Should the :oncrete be deposited in longitudinal sections, is is frequently the case in practice, the parts at the upper and lower chord members and ;he shackles will intersect any longitudial iointbetween one section of the embedding naterial and an adjacent section subsequently ieposited and bind the two together: The gieculiar form and construction of the metal abric is such that no two parts of any member or combination of members lie in a plane perpendicular to the outer surfaces of the lstructure. This open'construction readily adinits the embedding material, insuring a perect contact and adhesion between the metal lit all points and the embedding material.

l 1 claim as my invention 1. A metal structure adapted to be embedledin concrete and the like, having an upper zigzag longitudinal chord member, a lower zigzag longitudinal chord member, and a lon gitudinal webimember at each side of said :tructure extending alternately from said up- )er chord member to said lower chord memer, and joining said members together at the Lngles produced by their zigzag form.

l 2. A metal structure adapted to be embedled in concrete and the like, comprising a plul-ality of sections, each section having an upher zigzag chord member and a lower chord lnember, the two chord members of each section lying in different planes and being confaected together, the upper chord members of two adjacent sections meeting at and being se- Zzured together at the angles produced by their zigzag form.

- 3. A metal structure adapted to be embedled in concrete and the like, comprising two longitudianl sections, each section having an upper, zigzag, longitudinal chord member ind a lower longitudinal chord member, the two chord members of each section lying in llifferent planes and being connected together, lhe upper chord members of two adjacent seclions meeting at the angles produced by their zigzag form, and means for securing said nembers together at their meeting points.

4. A metal structure adapted to be embedled in concrete and the like, comprising two ongitudinal sections, each section having an ipper, zigzag, longitudinal chord member tIld a lower chord member, said upper chord seer AVAILABLE o members of two adjacent sections meeting at the angles produced by their zigzag form, means for securing said upper chord members together at their meeting points, and means for connecting the upper and the lower chord member of each section.

5. A metal structure adapted to be embedded in concrete and the like, comprising two longitudinal sections, each section having an upper, zigzag, longitudinal chord member and a lower chord member, said upper chord members of two adjacent sections meeting at the angles produced by their zigzag form, means for securing said upper chord members together at their meeting points, and a longitudinal web member for connecting the upper and the lower chord member of each section.

6. A metal structure adapted to be embedded in concrete and the like, which structure is madeup of a plurality of sections, each section having an upper chord member and a lower chord member, aweb member on the line ot' meeting of adjacent sections extending alternately from upper to lower chord members of said sections, and means for securing corresponding chord members of adjacent sections and said web member together.

7. A metal structure adapted to be embedded in concrete and the like, which structure is made up of a plurality of sections, each section having an upper chord member and a lower chord member, a web member on the line ofmeeting of adjacent sections extending alternately from upper to lower chord members of said sections, means for securing lower chord members of adjacent sections and said web member together, and means for securing upper chord members of adjacent sections and said web member together.

8. A metal structure adapted to be embedded in concrete and the like, having two upper, zigzag, longitudinal chord members, two lower zigzag, longitudinal chord members, and a longitudinal web member extending alternately from said upper chord members to said lower chord members and being secured to said chord members at the angles produced by their zigzag form.

9. A metal structure adapted to be embedded in concrete and the like, comprising two longitudinal sections, each section having an upper chord member, a lower chord member, and a transverse web member extending transversely through the sections and joining together the upper chord member of one section and the lower chord member of the other section.

10. A metal structure adapted to be embedded in concrete and the like, comprising two longitudinal sections, each section having an upper chord member, a lower chord member, a transverse web member extending transversely through thesections and joining together the upper chord member of one section and the lower chord member of the other section, and means for connecting the upper and the lower chord member of the respective sections.

11. A metal structure adapted to be embedded in concrete and the like, comprising two longitudinal sections, each section having an upper chord member, a lower chord member, a longitudinal web member at the adjacent edges of the sections and extending alternately from upper to lower chord members of said sections, and a transverse web member extending transversely through the sections and joining together the upper chord member of one section and the lower chord member of the other section. a v

12. In a metal structure. in combination, two bars or strands lying side by side; a third bar or strand lying upon said first-mentioned bars or strands; a yoke; a bow adapted to receive all of said bars or strands, said bow having hooked ends adapted to engage said yoke; and a wedge adapted to be inserted between said bow and the upper bar or strand.

13. In a metal structure, in combination, two bars 01' strands lying side by side; a third bar or strand lying upon said first-mentioned bars or strands; a yoke having hooked ends; a bow adapted to receive all of said bars or strands, said how having hooked ends adapted to engage the hooked ends of said yoke; and a curved wedge adapted to be inserted between said how and the upper bar or strand.

WILLIAM H. RONEY.

Witnesses:

L. L. MILLER, GEORGE L. CHINDAHL. 

